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Richard Paul Anthology

   

 

The first 8 chapters of Dr. Richard Paul's anthology, Critical Thinking: What Every Person Needs to Survive in a Rapidly Changing World, are found here. To access chapters 9-41, join the Center for Critical Thinking Community Online; a full copy of the book can be found in the libraries there.

 

For permission to use, please see our permissions page.

 

The paper version of this title was published in 2012 by the Foundation for Critical Thinking in Tomales, California and contained 671 pages. It was edited by A.J.A. Binker.




Chapter 1 - The Critical Thinking Movement in Historical Perspective

Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 1 - The Critical Thinking Movement in Historical Perspective


  • Chapter 2 - Critical thinking: Basic Questions and Answers

    Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 2 - Critical thinking: Basic Questions and Answers


  • Chapter 3 - The Logic of Creative and Critical Thinking

    Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 3 - The Logic of Creative and Critical Thinking


  • Chapter 4 - Critical Thinking in North America

    Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 4 - Critical Thinking in North America


  • Chapter 5 - Background Logic, Critical Thinking, and Irrational Language Games

    Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 5 - Background Logic, Critical Thinking, and Irrational Language Games


  • Chapter 6 - A Model for the National Assessment of Higher Order Thinking

    Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 6 - A Model for the National Assessment of Higher Order Thinking


  • Chapter 7 - Using Intellectual Standards to Assess Student Reasoning

    Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 7 - Using Intellectual Standards to Assess Student Reasoning


  • Chapter 8 - Why Students - and Teachers - Don't Reason Well

    Files available for download  »
  • Chapter 8 - Why Students - and Teachers - Don't Reason Well



































  • To access chapters 9-41, join the Center for Critical Thinking Community Online; a full copy of the book can be found in the libraries there.





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    CRITICAL THINKING IS AT RISK.

    Here are some of the big reasons why:

    1. Many people believe that critical thinking should be free and that scholars qualified to teach critical thinking should do so for free. Accordingly, they do not think they should have to pay for critical thinking textbooks, courses, or other resources when there is "so much free material online" - despite how erroneous that material may be.
    2. There are many misguided academicians, and some outright charlatans, pushing forth and capitalizing on a pseudo-, partial, or otherwise impoverished concept of critical thinking.
    3. Little to no funding is designated for critical thinking professional development in schools, colleges, or universities, despite the lip service widely given to critical thinking (as is frequently found in mission statements).
    4. Most people, including faculty, think they already know what critical thinking is, despite how few have studied it to any significant degree, and despite how few can articulate a coherent, accurate, and sufficiently deep explanation of it.
    5. People rarely exhibit the necessary level of discipline to study and use critical thinking for reaching higher levels of self-actualization. In part, this is due to wasting intellectual and emotional energy on fruitless electronic entertainment designed to be addictive and profitable rather than educational and uplifting.
    6. On the whole, fairminded critical thinking is neither understood, fostered, nor valued in educational institutions or societies.
    7. People are increasingly able to cluster themselves with others of like mind through alluring internet platforms that enable them to validate one another's thinking - even when their reasoning is nonsensical, lopsided, prejudiced, or even dangerous.
    8. Critical thinking does not yet hold an independent place in academia. Instead, "critical thinking" is continually being "defined" and redefined according to any academic area or instructor that, claiming (frequently unsupported) expertise, steps forward to teach it.

    As you see, increasingly powerful trends against the teaching, learning, and practice of critical thinking entail extraordinary challenges to our mission. To continue our work, we must now rely upon your financial support. If critical thinking matters to you, please click here to contribute what you can today.

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